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Ideology plays a very important role in the development of policies related to language and naturalization. Drawing on notions proposed by Piller (2001) of identity and ideology and their influence in the development of citizenship legislation, this paper takes a close look at the case of Germany. By tracing the roots of prevailing language ideologies in Germany, such as the as 'one nation-one language' belief, and the related belief of language as intrinsic to Germanness, this paper will illustrate how ideologies affect both policies, such as the 2000 Immigration Reform Act and its imposition of new language tests, and certain issues of identity related to nationhood and citizenship.

Ideology plays a very important role in the development of policies related to language and naturalization. Drawing on notions proposed by Piller (2001) of identity and ideology and their influence in the development of citizenship legislation, this paper takes a close look at the case of Germany. By tracing the roots of prevailing language ideologies in Germany, such as the as 'one nation-one language' belief, and the related belief of language as intrinsic to Germanness, this paper will illustrate how ideologies affect both policies, such as the 2000 Immigration Reform Act and its imposition of new language tests, and certain issues of identity related to nationhood and citizenship. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Introduction: The Proper Name -- Chapter 1. Deccan Pastoral: The Making of an Ethnohistorical Imagination in Western India -- Chapter 2. Bombay and the Politics of Urban Desire -- Chapter 3. "Say with Pride That We Are Hindus": Shiv Sena and Communal Populism -- Chapter 4. Thane City: The Making of Political Dadaism -- Chapter 5. Riots, Policing, and Truth Telling in Bombay -- Chapter 6. In the Muslim Mohalla -- Chapter 7. Living the Dream: Governance, Graft, and Goons -- Conclusion. Politics as Permanent Performance -- Notes -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index

Introduction: Under the gaze: freedom and race after apartheid -- Ethnicity by fiat: the remaking of Indian life in South Africa -- Domesticity and cultural intimacy -- Charous and Ravans: a story of mutual nonrecognition -- Autonomy, freedom, and political speech -- Movement, sound, and body in the postapartheid city -- The unwieldy fetish: Desi fantasies, roots tourism, and diasporic desires -- Global Hindus and pure Muslims: universalist aspirations and territorialized lives -- The saved and the backsliders: the Charou soul and the instability of belief -- Postscript: Melancholia in the time of the "African personality"

The category of belief has been severely criticised in the last decades but ideas of having principles based on interior refl ections and conscience are as strong as ever across the world. This indicates that the modern idea of conviction - religious or secular - should be understood as a way of relating to the world that has a genealogy of its won that is not identical to religious belief. Modern convictions are based on two forms of ethics: firstly an individualized ethics of sincerity that emerged from the 17th century onwards as an ideal of honest and consistent public conduct. Secondly, an ethics of consequence that emerges with radical, Jacobin and collective politics and a new belief in radical socio-political utopias in the 19th century. In the 20th century, these ethical formations have spread across the world and form today the basis of a global grammar of interiority that lies at the heart of near-universal fi gures such as the 'activist' and the committed selfl ess social worker.

The rise of strong nationalist and religious movements in postcolonial and newly democratic countries alarms many Western observers. In The Saffron Wave, Thomas Hansen turns our attention to recent events in the world's largest democracy, India. Here he analyzes Indian receptivity to the right-wing Hindu nationalist party and its political wing, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which claims to create a polity based on "ancient" Hindu culture. Rather than interpreting Hindu nationalism as a mainly religious phenomenon, or a strictly political movement, Hansen places the BJP within the context

AbstractThis introduction begins with a brief overview of the three major factors shaping economic life and exchange in India, as laid out by contributions in the edited volume Rethinking Markets in Modern India: embedded exchange, contested jurisdiction, and pliable markets. The overarching logic of all the contributions is that markets in India must be understood as path dependent, that is, expressing a historical trajectory and specific, and changing, political and moral regimes. The remainder of this introduction discusses the origins of the distinction between 'economy' and 'culture' in the nationalist critiques of empire and how these critiques have led to a widespread moral ambivalence vis-à-vis the commercialization of everyday life in India that persists today across the political spectrum.